CS 107 - 6/24/15

   setw (10)  - setw() is a function
                functions take parameter information 
                    (the item(s) in the parantheses)



Prof. Troy normally uses the printf() from the C stdio.h library
  for formatting output.


   printf ("%10.3f", x);

The above seems easier to Prof. Troy than

   cout << set1(10) << setprecision(3) << x ;


Re-write the NESTED-IF Statement from Monday 6/22 in its
  most verbose manner


    int average;
    char grade;


    cin >> average;


    if ( average >= 90 )
      {
        grade = 'A';
      }
    else 
      {
         if ( average >= 80 )
           {
            grade = 'B';
           }
         else 
           {
             if ( average >= 70 )
               {
                grade = 'C';
               }
             else 
               {
                 if ( average >= 60 )
                   {
                    grade = 'D';
                   }
                 else 
                   {
                    grade = 'F';
                   }
               }
           }
      }

   cout << "The final grade is: " << grade << endl;


   A very poor indentation pattern


         if ( 
average                              >= 
          90 
                            )
      {
                            grade 




         =  'A'             ;
}
 
The above is harder to understand (IMHO) than:

if ( average >= 90 )
      {
        grade = 'A';
      }
  
Another poor indentation is:

if ( average >= 90 )
grade = 'A';
else if ( average >= 80 )
grade = 'B';
else if ( average >= 70 )
grade = 'C';
else if ( average >= 60 )
grade = 'D';
else 
grade = 'F';


Echo Back - show the user what he/she typed, so they can
    verify the input is correct.   

int weight;


cout << " Enter the weight amount: " ;

cin >> weight;

// the following line is the "ECHO BACK" line
cout << "The weight amount entered was : " << weight << endl;


Relational operators: == != < <= > >=
    compare two value and "return" a boolean value



If we want a complex boolean expression, we may need to use
  the Boolean Operators

      Take one or two Boolean values and "return" a Boolean
        based on the operation being performed.

  In C/C++ we have 3 Boolean Operators
    - AND   &&
    - OR    ||
    - NOT   !


   For the AND Operation, it will "return" a TRUE value if
     both operands are TRUE; otherwise it will "return" a
     FALSE value.

     Check for a value in the range from 10 to 20 inclusive:

      if ( (value >= 10)  && (value <= 20) )



   For the OR Operation, it will "return" a TRUE value if
     at least one operand is TRUE; otherwise if will "return"
     a FALSE value.
 

     Check if a value is outside of the range from 10 to 20 inclusive:

      if ( ( value < 10 ) || ( value > 20 ) )

TRUTH TABLES:

   x  y  |   x && y   x || y     !x     !y
---------|----------------------------------
   T  T  |     T        T         F      F
   T  F  |     F        T         F      T
   F  T  |     F        T         T      F
   F  F  |     F        F         T      T


   For the NOT Operation, IT IS A UNARY OPERATION (taking
     only one operand).   
     If the operand is TRUE, NOT "returns" a FALSE value.
     If the operand is FALSE, NOT "returns" a TRUE value.

       if ( ! ( value > 10 ) )
      
     This example of NOT is most often written using a differnt
        relational operator


To identify if a student is in the C or D range

    int average;
    char grade;


    cin >> average;


    if ( ( average < 80 )  && ( average >= 60 ) )
      {
         cout << "The student is in the C/D Range" << endl;
      }


Looping Statements - Chapter 6  The while statement

   Repeat a block of code "while some condition is true"


   Syntax:

     while ( <booleanExpression> )
       {
          <whileBlock> ;
       }


Print the numbers from 1 to 10


     int value;

     value = 1;                    // initialization 


     while ( value <= 10 )         // condition
       {
         cout << value << endl;    // body statement(s)
         value = value + 1;        // increment statement
       }