Introductory Slides for Session 2: Presentation -- General Models and Issues

Elisabeth André

German Research Center for Artificial Intelligene

Stuhlsatzenhausweg 3

D-66123 Saarbrücken

Germany

andre@dfki.uni-sb.de

http://www.dfki.uni-sb.de/~andre

ACM Copyright Notice

Abstract

Table of Contents

• This Session's Papers
• Author's and Viewer's Perspective
• What Does Abstraction Mean?
• Why Abstractions?
• The Need for Explicit Representations
• Navigation Design
• Presentation Design
• Casting the Roles
• The Future?

This Session's Papers

AHM

Using the Amsterdam Hypermedia Model for Abstracting Presentation Behavior
Lynda Hardman, Dick C.A. Bulterman CWI, The Netherlands

PROXIMA

Since Less is Often More: Methods for Stylistic Abstractions in 3D-Graphics
Antonio Krüger, Thomas Rist DFKI GmbH Saarbrücken, Germany

OOHDM

Abstraction, Composition and Lay-Out Definition Mechanisms in OOHDM
Daniel Schwabe, Gustavo Rossi, Simone D.J. Barbosa Pontificia Universidade Católica, Brazil

Author's and Viewer's Perspective

• Author's Perspective
  How to support the author in designing hypermedia presentations? (see AHM [Hardman et al. 94], OOHDM [Schwabe/Rossi 95], RMD [Isakowitz et al. 95] etc.)

• Viewer's Perspective
  How to automatically build up hypermedia presentations that are adapted to a viewer's personal needs? (see AIMI [Maybury 93], COMET [Feiner/McKeown 91], WIP [Andre/Rist 95a], PPP [Andre/Rist 95b] etc.)

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What Does Abstraction mean?

• Abstracting from a Specific Presentation Behavior
  • Model for describing different hypermedia presentations and user interactions (AHM)
  • Model-based approach for building hypermedia applications (OOHDM)

• Generating Presentations of Different Levels of Abstraction
  • Methods for Stylistic Abstractions in 3D-Graphics (PROXIMA)

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Why Abstractions?

• Abstracting from a Specific Presentation Behavior
  • Compare the expressive power of various authoring systems and document formats (descriptive approach)
  • Support incremental design, evolution and reuse (operational approach)

• Generating Presentations at Different Levels of Abstraction
  • Cope with mental resources of human viewers by focusing on relevant information
  • Cope with computational resource limitations
    • Low-bandwidth communication channels (e.g. screen resolution, network capacity)
    • Realtime applications (Virtual Realities)

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The Need for Explicit Representations

• AHM:
  explicit representation of the document structure (structural, spatial and temporal relations)

• PROXIMA:
  explicit representation of the contents and the form of a presentation (Which objects are visible, discriminable etc.)

• OOHDM:
  explicit representation of all design decisions

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Navigation Design

• AHM:
  Anchors, links, synchronization arcs
  Organization : composite components

• OOHDM:
  Nodes, links, access structures
  Organization: navigational contexts

• PROXIMA:
  Anchors correspond to parts of a graphics.
  Links are dynamically expanded
  • from a detailed to a less detailed graphics (via performing an abstraction process)
  • from a less detailed to a more detailed graphics (via undoing abstraction steps)

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Presentation Design

• AHM:
  Channels encode high-level presentation attributes, such as font and style for a text, or volume for an audio channel

• OOHDM:
  Abstract Data Views (ADVs) comprise a set of attributes which define the perception properties of an object and the set of events it can handle

• PROXIMA:
  Presentation knowledge is encoded by design strategies, graphics generator provides an explicit representation of its encodings via so-called picture descriptions

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Casting of the Roles

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The Future?

• Reusing navigation and interface architectures and styles (cf. [Schwabe/Rossi 95])
• Automatic generation of hypermedia structure (cf. [Hardman/Bulterman 95])
• Combining automated presentation planning and hypermedia (cf.[Andre/Rist 95c])

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Bibliography

[Andre/Rist 95a]

Elisabeth André, and Thomas Rist. "Generating Coherent Presentations Employing Textual and Visual Material." Artificial Intelligence Review 9, pp. 147-165, 1995. Online document available at URL http://www.dfki.uni-sb.de/~andre/papers/ai-review.ps.

[Andre/Rist 95b]

Elisabeth André, and Thomas Rist. "Research in Multimedia Systems at DFKI." Artificial Intelligence Review 9, pp. 81-84, 1995. Online document available at URL http://www.dfki.uni-sb.de/~andre/papers/site-des.ps.

[Andre/Rist 95c]

Elisabeth André, and Thomas Rist. "Towards a New Generation of Hypermedia Systems: Extending Automated Presentation Design for Hypermedia." submitted, 1995.

[Feiner/McKeown 91]

S.K. Feiner, and K.R. McKeown. "Automating the Generation of Coordinated Multimedia Explanations." IEEE Computer 24(10), pp. 33-41, 1991.

[Halasz/Schwartz 94]

F. Halasz, and M. Schwartz. "The Dexter Hypertext Reference Model." Communications of the ACM 37(2), pp. 30-39, 1994.

[Hardman et al. 94]

Lynda Hardman, Dick C.A. Bulterman, and Guido van Rossum. "The Amsterdam Hypermedia Model: Adding Time and Context to the Dexter Model." Communications of the ACM 37(2), pp. 50-62, 1994.

[Hardman/Bulterman 95]

Lynda Hardman and Dick C.A. Bulterman. "Towards the Generation of Hypermedia Structure." Proceedings of First International Workshop on Intelligence and Multimodality in Multimedia Interfaces, Edinburgh, 1995.

[Isakowitz et al. 95]

Tomas Isakowitz, Edward A. Stohr, and P.Balasubramanian. "RMM: A Methodology for Structured Hypermedia Design." Communications of the ACM 38(8), pp. 34-44, 1995.

[Maybury 93]

M. Maybury. "Planning Multimedia Explanations Using Communicative Acts." Intelligent Multimedia Interfaces, M. Maybury (ed.), pp. 14-60, 1993.

[Schwabe/Rossi 95]

Daniel Schwabe, and Gustavo Rossi. "The Object-Oriented Hypermedia Design Model." Communications of the ACM 38(8), pp. 45-46, 1995.

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